How Black Holes are Form?

Black Hole

• To understand how black hole might be form we first need to understanding of the life cycle of a star

• A star is born when a large amount of gas mostly hydrogen start to collapse on itself to create gravitational attraction,so that star will contract due to the atoms of gas collide with each other more and more frequently and at greater and greater Speed so the eventually gas will hits up.

• And finally the gas will be so hot that even hydrogen atom Collider now no longer bounds of each other but instead coalesce to form helium.

• The heat release in this reaction which like a control hydrogen bomb explosion is what make a star shine.

• This additional heat also increase the pressure of gas until it is sufficient to balance gravitational attraction and gas stop contacting - like a balloon in which there is a balance between the pressure of air inside which trying to make balloon expand and tension in rubber which trying to make balloon smaller.

• Star will remain stable like this for a long time with heat from nuclear reaction balancing the gravitational attraction

• Eventually however star will run out of its hydrogen and other nuclear fuels

• Paradoxical the more fuel a star starts off with the sooner it runs out,this is because the more massive star is the hotter it need to be balance its gravitational attraction.the hotter it is faster it will use up its fuel.

• Our sun is Get Enough fuel for another 5000 million year but more massive star can use their fuel in as little as 100 million years.

• when star runs out of fuel it start to cool and so contract.

• when star becomes small the matter particles get very near each other so according to pauli's exclusion principle they must have very different velocity this makes them away from each other in so star now will expand,

• But Star maintain its radius constant by balance between attraction of gravity and the repulsion that arise from exclusion principle

• Chandrashekhar a indian born scientist suggest that cold Star of more than 1/2 times mass of the Sun will not able to support itself against its own Gravity this called a Chandrasekhar limit.

• If star mass is less than the Chandrasekhar limit it can eventually stop contacting and settle down to possible final state called white dwarf with radius of few thousand miles and density of 100 tons per cubic inch.

• At the same time Russian scientist lev davidovich landau pointed that star with mass about one or two times the mass of the Sun but much smaller even then white dwarf then this star would supported by exclusion principle of repulsion between neutron and proton so they were we called a neutron star radius of only 10 miles and density of hundred of million of tons for cubic inch

In short :

• If mass of the star < 3/2 time sun masses then it will become - white dwarf

• If mass of the star < 2 or 3 times sun it will become - neutron star

• If mass of the star > 3 masses of sun it eventually transfer into black hole

how we can detect a black hole :

• Black hole exert a gravitational force on nearby object and if that object is a star then it Orbit around black holes and black holes blown off that star surface step by step like a spiral motion as shown in below image and emits powerful x-ray sources that we can detect or in sometimes radio or infrared waves also emitted from there.

A star eaten by black hole

• Magnetic field of black holes or neutron star is so strong that each matter particle fall into their magnetic field will focus into Jets ejected outward along the axis of rotation of black holes.